Preface
Introduction: International Relations Theory of War
The Systemic International Outcomes—Stability of International Systems
The Intrasystemic International Outcomes—Territorial Expansion of Polar Powers
International Outcomes: Primary Disputes and Coping
Why Do Wars Break Out? Structural Theoretical Research
The Structure of the Book
1. War—Theory and Analysis of Results
On Powers and Wars
Systemic International Outcomes
Systemic Factors and International Systems Durability
Systemic Factors and International Systems Stability
Intrasystemic International Outcomes
Systemic Factors and Expansion of Influence of Polar Powers
Systemic Factors and Expansion of Influence of Polar Powers at the Ends of Wars
2. International Relations Theory of War
Basic Assumptions of the Theory
Hypotheses of the Theory Concerning the Two International Outcomes
Stability of International Systems
Degree of Territorial Expansion
Territorial Outcomes under Unipolar Systems
Territorial Outcomes under Bipolar Systems
Territorial Outcomes under Multipolar Systems
The Transhistorical Principles
Anarchy and the Tendency to Hegemonies
Anarchy in the Theoretical Research of International Relations
The Way Constructivism, Neoliberalism, and Realism Relate to Anarchy
Status Quo, Revisionism, and Aspiration for Power
Homeostasis and Preservation of the System
Homeostasis in the International System
Homeostasis in International Systems: Historical Examples
Homeostasis and Feedback Models
The International Relations Theory of War and Homeostasis
Polarity of the System: The Independent Variable
The Most Important Player in the International System: The State
Great Power or Polar Power
Polar Power in the Current Study
Between Sea Power and Land Power
Possible Polarity Models
Polarity of the System and International Outcomes
Summary of the Principle of the Model
The Systemic Status of the International Relations Theory of War
The International Relations Theory of War and Other Key Realist Theories
3. Polarity of the System
4. How the Research Is Empirically Examined
Systemic Factors and Stability of International Systems
Stability of International Systems—Quantitative Research
Systemic Factors and the Stability of Multipolar Systems
The Stability of the Multipolar System, 1849–1870
The Stability of the Multipolar System, 1910–1945
Systemic Factors and the Stability of Bipolar Systems
The Stability of the Bipolar System, 1816–1848
The Stability of the Bipolar System, 1871–1909
The Stability of the Bipolar System, 1946–1991
Systemic Factors and the Stability of the Unipolar System
The Stability of the Unipolar System, 1992–2016
The Stability of International Systems—Qualitative Assessment
Stability of International Systems in a Multipolar System
Wars as an Unintended Consequence or Systemic Dictate of the Players
The Stability of the Multipolar System, 1849–1870
Crimean War
The Crimean War—Common Explanations for Its Outbreak
The Crimean War—Systemic Causes of Its Outbreak
The Crimean War—Its Consequences
The Stability of the Multipolar System, 1910–1945
The First World War
Systemic Causes of the Outbreak of the First World War
The Second World War
Systemic Analysis of the Outbreak of the Second World War
The Multipolar System, 1910–1945—Summary and Consequences
Stability of International Systems in Bipolar System
The Stability of the Bipolar System, 1816–1848, 1871–1909
The Stability of the Bipolar System, 1946–1991
The Long Peace in the Cold War Period and Its Causes
Stability of International Systems in Unipolar System
The Stability of the Unipolar System, 1992–2016
The Unipolar System and American Involvement
Persian Gulf Region
East Asia Region
Military Involvements of the United States
The Stability of International Systems—Conclusions
Systemic Factors and Territorial Outcomes of Wars
Territorial Outcomes of Wars of Polar Powers—Quantitative Assessment
Territorial Outcomes in Multipolar Systems
Territorial Outcomes in the Multipolar System, 1849–1870
Territorial Outcomes in the Multipolar System, 1910–1945
Territorial Outcomes in Bipolar Systems
Territorial Outcomes in the Bipolar System, 1816–1848
Territorial Outcomes in the Bipolar System, 1871–1909
Territorial Outcomes in the Bipolar System, 1946–1991
Territorial Outcomes in Unipolar Systems
Territorial Outcomes in the Unipolar System, 1992–2016
Territorial Outcomes of Wars of Polar Powers—Qualitative Assessment
Territorial Outcomes in Multipolar Systems
The Multipolar System, 1849–1870
The Crimean War (1853–1856)
The Seven Weeks' War between Prussia and Austria (1866)
The Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871)
The Multipolar System, 1910–1945
The First World War (1914–1918)
The Second World War (1939–1945)
Territorial Outcomes in Bipolar Systems
The Bipolar System, 1946–1991
The U.S.-Korea War (1950–1953)
The U.S.-Vietnam War (1968–1975)
The Gulf War (1991)
Territorial Outcomes in Unipolar Systems
Territorial Outcomes at the End of the Polar Powers' Wars against Afghanistan
"The Great Game" in Central Asia and the Importance of Afghanistan
The First Anglo-Afghan War (1838–1842)
Why Did Britain Invade Afghanistan?
The Invasion
The Systemic Pressures for the British Pullout from Afghanistan
The British Withdrawal from Afghanistan
The First Anglo-Afghan War and Its Consequences
The Second Anglo-Afghan War (1878–1880)
Why Did Britain Invade Afghanistan?
The Invasion
The Systemic Pressures for the British Pullout from Afghanistan
Summary of the First (1838–1842) and Second (1878–1880) Anglo-Afghan Wars
The Third Anglo-Afghan War (1919)
Why Did Britain Invade Afghanistan?
The Invasion
The Systemic Pressures for the British Pullout from Afghanistan
The Soviet-Afghan War (1979–1988)
Why Did the Soviet Union Invade Afghanistan?
The Systemic Constraints That Were Employed in the War
The U.S.-Afghan War (2001)
Why Did the United States Invade Afghanistan?
The Invasion
The Systemic Pressures for the United States' Departure from Afghanistan
The Prolonged American Presence in Afghanistan
The Consequences of the U.S.-Afghan War
Summary of the Five Wars of Polar Powers against Afghanistan
Territorial Outcomes of the Wars of Polar Powers—Interim Summary
5. The Distribution of Power and International Outcomes: Conclusions
International Outcomes: Analysis and Evaluation
Index of Stability of International Systems
Estimation of Territorial Outcomes of Wars of Polar Powers
A New World Order?
Appendix A: The Greatest Powers According to the Cow Project
Appendix B: Interstate War, 1816–2007, According to the Cow Project
Notes
References
Index